Search results for "Bone Formation"
showing 10 items of 29 documents
The new frontier of bone formation: a breakthrough in postmenopausal osteoporosis?
2009
Osteoporosis is a chronic disease that accelerates after menopause in many women. Most of the pharmacologic attempts to control the disease, such as hormone therapy, have emphasized the constraint of bone resorption. Since recent years have witnessed important advances in the field of bone formation, this review aims to update the present knowledge on the mechanisms affecting osteoblastogenesis and on the therapeutic results achieved by recently approved drugs.We sought peer-reviewed, full-length basic and clinical articles published between 1995 and May 2008 using a PubMed search strategy, with the terms osteoporosis and osteoblast, osteoporosis and strontium ranelate, and osteoporosis and…
The use of hydrogels in bone-tissue engineering
2010
Many different types of scaffold materials have been used for tissue engineering applications, and hydrogels form one group of materials that have been used in a wide variety of applications. Hydrogels are hydrophilic polymer networks and they represent an important class of biomaterials in biotechnology and medicine because many hydrogels exhibit excellent biocompatibility with minimal inflammatory responses and tissue damage. Many studies have demonstrated the use of hydrogels in bone-tissue engineering applications. In this report, the summary was conducted on various kinds of polymers and different modification methods of hydrogels to enhance bone formation. The results revealed that hy…
Is PRP useful in alveolar cleft reconstruction? Platelet-rich plasma in secondary alveoloplasty
2009
Objective: Cleft lip and palate is a congenital facial malformation with an established treatment protocol. Mixed dentition period is the best moment for correct maxillary bone defect with an alveoloplasty. The aim of this surgical procedure is to facilitate dental eruption, re-establish maxillary arch, close any oro-nasal communication, give support to nasal ala, and in some cases allow dental rehabilitation with osteointegrated implants. Study design: Twenty cleft patients who underwent secondary alveoloplasty were included. In 10 of them autogenous bone graft were used and in other 10 autogenous bone and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) obtained from autogenous blood. Bone formation was compar…
Injectable Bone Substitute Based on β-TCP Combined With a Hyaluronan-Containing Hydrogel Contributes to Regeneration of a Critical Bone Size Defect T…
2015
In the present in vivo study, the regenerative potential of a new injectable bone substitute (IBS) composed of beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and hyaluronan was tested in a rabbit distal femoral condyle model. To achieve this, 2 defects of 6 mm in diameter and 10 mm in length were drilled into each femur condyle in a total of 12 animals. For each animal, 1 hole was filled with the substitute material, and the other was left empty to serve as the control. After 1, 3, and 6 months, the regenerative process was analyzed by radiography as well as by histological and histomorphometrical analysis. The results revealed that bone tissue formation took place through osteoconductive processes over…
Measurement of dental implant stability by resonance frequency analysis : a review of the literature
2008
Dental implant treatment is an excellent option for prosthetic restoration that is associated with high success rates. Implant stability is essential for a good outcome. The clinical assessment of osseointegration is based on mechanical stability rather than histological criteria, considering primary stability (absence of mobility in bone bed after implant insertion) and secondary stability (bone formation and remodelling at implant-bone interface). The aim of this study was to review the literature on Resonance Frequency Analysis (RFA) as a method for measuring dental implant stability. An online search of various databases was conducted on experimental and clinical research published betw…
CD34+cells seeded in collagen scaffolds promote bone formation in a mouse calvarial defect model
2017
Bone tissue engineering (BTE) holds promise for managing the clinical problem of large bone defects. However, clinical adoption of BTE is limited due to limited vascularization of constructs, which could be circumvented by pre-cultivation of osteogenic and endothelial derived cells in natural-based polymer scaffolds. However, until now not many studies compared the effect of mono- and cocultures pre-seeded in collagen before implantation. We utilized a mouse calvarial defect model and compared five groups of collagen scaffolds: a negative control of a collagen scaffold alone, a positive control treated with BMP-7, monocultures of either human osteoblasts (hOBs) or CD34+ cells, and a cocultu…
Preliminary analysis of osteocyte lacunar density in long bones of tetrapods: all measures are bigger in sauropod dinosaurs.
2013
Osteocytes harbour much potential for paleobiological studies. Synchrotron radiation and spectroscopic analyses are providing fascinating data on osteocyte density, size and orientation in fossil taxa. However, such studies may be costly and time consuming. Here we describe an uncomplicated and inexpensive method to measure osteocyte lacunar densities in bone thin sections. We report on cell lacunar densities in the long bones of various extant and extinct tetrapods, with a focus on sauropodomorph dinosaurs, and how lacunar densities can help us understand bone formation rates in the iconic sauropod dinosaurs. Ordinary least square and phylogenetic generalized least square regressions sugge…
Effect of Royal Jelly on new bone formation in rapid maxillary expansion in rats
2015
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of long and short term systemic usage of royal jelly on bone formation in the expanded maxillary suture in a rat model. Material and Methods: Twenty eight Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into 4 equal groups: Control (C); Only Expansion (OE), Royal Jelly (RJ) group, Royal Jelly was given to rats by oral gavage only during the expansion and retention period; Royal Jelly plus Nursery (RJN) group, Royal Jelly was given to rats by oral gavage during their nursery phase of 40 days and during the retention period. After the 5 day expansion period was completed, the rats underwent 12 days of mechanical retention. All rats were s…
Non-flavonoid polyphenols in osteoporosis: preclinical evidence
2021
The development of progressive osteopenia and osteoporosis (OP) is due to the imbalance between bone resorption and bone formation, determining a lower bone resistance, major risks of fractures, with consequent pain and functional limitations. Flavonoids, a class of polyphenols, have been extensively studied for their therapeutic activities against bone resorption, but less attention has been given to a whole series of molecules belonging to the polyphenolic compounds. However, these classes have begun to be studied for the treatment of OP. In this systematic review, comprehensive information is provided on non-flavonoid polyphenolic compounds, and we highlight pathways implicated in the ac…
Biocalcite, a multifunctional inorganic polymer: Building block for calcareous sponge spicules and bioseed for the synthesis of calcium phosphate-bas…
2014
Calcium carbonate is the material that builds up the spicules of the calcareous sponges. Recent results revealed that the calcium carbonate/biocalcite-based spicular skeleton of these animals is formed through an enzymatic mechanism, such as the skeleton of the siliceous sponges, evolutionarily the oldest animals that consist of biosilica. The enzyme that mediates the calcium carbonate deposition has been identified as a carbonic anhydrase (CA) and has been cloned from the calcareous sponge species Sycon raphanus. Calcium carbonate deposits are also found in vertebrate bones besides the main constituent, calcium phosphate/hydroxyapatite (HA). Evidence has been presented that during the init…